F-Stop kana Focal Ratio: Chii uye nei ichikosha

by kim Updated: June 28, 2022

F-mira or focal ratio (dzimwe nguva inonzi f-ratio kana hama kuzarura) izwi rinoshandiswa mukutora mifananidzo uye rinoreva chiyero chiri pakati pekureba kwelenzi uye dhayamita yemwana wekupinda.

Iyi parameter yakakosha kuti uzive kana uchipfura ne kamera, sezvo inokanganisa kuwanda kwechiedza chinopfuura nemu lens. Iyo yakakura nhamba yeF-Stop, iyo idiki yekuvhura yekuvhura, uye nekudaro iyo chiedza chishoma chinobvumirwa kupinda.

Ichi chinyorwa chichaongorora pfungwa yeF-Stop mune zvakadzama uye tsanangura nei zvakakosha kunzwisisa pakupfura.

Chii chinonzi F-Stop?

F-Mira (Aizivikanwawo focal ratio) chinhu chekutora mifananidzo chine hukama nehuwandu hwechiedza chinogona kuunganidzwa nelenzi, kana kugona kwayo kudzikisa saizi yekuvhura. Inopimwa sereshiyo pakati pesaizi yemwana wekupinda nelenzi nehurefu hwakatarisana, uye inotsanangurwa nenhamba inoteverwa ne f, zvakaita se f / 2.8. Iyo idiki nhamba iyi, yakakura iyo pupil yekupinda, zvichiita kuti chiedza chakawanda chikwanise kupinda. Sezvineiwo, kuve nenhamba hombe yef-stop zvinoreva kuti mwenje mudiki unokwanisa kupinda kuburikidza nelens yako uye aperture.

F-Stop inoshandawo nemaoko nemaoko shutter speed; kana iwe uchiziva chimwe chikamu iwe unogona kuverenga zviri nyore kune chimwe. Zvinobatsirawo kutarisisa chinhu chiri padyo semapikicha nekuwedzera f-stop nhamba yako uye kubvumira zvirinani kutarisa kutonga pamusoro pemapfuti ako; Izvi zvinosanganisira marudzi ese ekutora mafoto kubva kumhuka dzesango kusvika kune zvakasikwa mafoto, asi zviri kuwedzera kukosha mukutora mifananidzo uko mamiriro ekunze anofanirwa kusvibiswa kuitira kuti utarise pfungwa yako chete pachidzidzo chako. Nhamba yakakura yef-stop inobvumira kusajeka kwemashure uye kudzora kurinani pazvinhambwe kana kudzika kudzika kwemapfuti.

zvose lenses vane zvimiro zvakasiyana zvinokanganisa kugona kwavo f/nhamba; nekuda kweizvi unogona kuda akawanda lenzi aripo kuti agadzirise zvaunoda kana uchipfura mafoto kana mavhidhiyo. Focal ratio inoshandawo zvakasiyana zvichienderana nehukuru hwe sensor; makamera akazara furemu kazhinji ane kudzika kwakadzika kwemunda kupfuura makamera akachekwa nekuda kwehukuru hwavo hwesensa-zvinoreva kureba pakati pezvinhu kuitira kuti zvinhu izvi zvirambe zvakatarisa kamwechete mukati mefuremu yako. Kunzwisisa sei Focal Ratios inogona kukanganisa kugona kwekamera yako inogona kukubatsira kuita sarudzo dzekuti ndeapi lenzi akanyatsokodzera mabasa akasiyana siyana pamwe nemabatiro aangaita kunaka kwese paunenge uchishanda nemapurojekiti akasiyana kana mamiriro ekupfura.

Chii chinonzi Focal Ratio?

Focal ratio, inowanzo kunzi f-stop, is a shutter speed setting inoratidzwa maererano nehuwandu hwekumira kana saizi yekuvhura lens yakagadzirwa nelens. Iyo yakakura nhamba yacho, idiki yekuvhura lens uye mwenje kushoma inosvika sensor yekamera yako. Kazhinji inotangira kubva f/1.4 kusvika f/32 kune akawanda lenzi asi anogona kuenda kumusoro zvakanyanya kana iwe uchida kutora chiedza kubva kure.

Focal ratio kwakakosha nekuti inodzora kuti mwenje wakawanda sei unosvika sensor yekamera yako, zvichikutendera kuti utore mufananidzo wakashama zvakanaka usingawedzere kana kuuisa pachena. Nhamba yakaderera inokupa kudzika kudzika kwemunda nepo imwe yepamusoro ichikupa hudzamu hukuru uye inopinza kutarisa kune zviri kure. Iyo inononoka shutter sipidhi inoda yakawanda f-stop nepo inokurumidza shutter sipidhi inoda shoma f-stop; saka kupfura nemwenje wakawanda kunoda kushoma f-stop nepo kupfura muchiedza chakaderera kunoda zvakawanda senge F8 kana pasi ine ISO yakakodzera marongero. Iyo yakawedzera kupinza kana wamira pasi (kudzikisa yako F-Stop) inowedzera kune yakazara mufananidzo kupinza.

Kana uchichinja F-Stop yako, yeuka kuti imwe neimwe increment kumusoro kana pasi inoenderana neshanduko yekuratidzwa nekumira kumwe (kwakaenzana nekupeta kana kudzikisa huwandu hwechiedza). Nekunzwisisa uku, munhu anogona kugadzirisa yavo yekutarisa chiyero zvichibva pane yavanoda kuratidzwa mazinga pamwe nekudzika kwaidiwa kwekuita kwemunda kumapurojekiti avo ekutora mifananidzo.

Kunzwisisa F-Stop

F-mira, inozivikanwawo se focal ratio, ipfungwa yakakosha mukutora mafoto uye videography, iyo inoita basa rakakura mukubuda kwemifananidzo yako. F-stop ndiyo reshiyo pakati pemalenzi kureba kwakatarisa uye dhayamita yemwana wekupinda. Inotaridzwa senhamba, uye inogona kubva kubva pasi pe f/1.4 nzira yese kusvika f/32 kana kupfuura. Kunzwisisa F-stop kwakakosha kune chero munhu ari kutsvaga kuwana mifananidzo iri nani.

F-Stop inokanganisa sei kuratidzwa?

Kana mutori wemifananidzo akagadzirisa buri (F-Mira) yelenzi, ivo vari kukanganisa zvakananga kuti ingani chiedza chinopinzwa mulenzi uye sensor. Iyo yakaderera F-Stop inobvumira kuwedzera kwakareruka kupinza nepo F nhamba yepamusoro ichiirambidza. Nekuvhura iyo aperture ine yakaderera F-Stop, iwe unogadzira nzvimbo yakafararira yekutarisa iyo inobvumira chiedza chakawanda kupinda uye inobatsira kugadzira kudzika kudzika kwemunda iyo inokweretesa pachayo zvakanaka kune portraiture kana chero chifananidzo chinoda zvidimbu zvisina kudzika uye kupatsanurwa. Pamusoro pezvo, izvi zvinogona kubatsira munzvimbo dzakadzikama apo pasina mwenje wakakwana kuti unyatso kuburitsa furemu.

Kufona mune yakakodzera F-Misa yechiitiko zvakare inokanganisa zvakananga nguva yekuratidzwa, iyo inogona kugadziridzwa kuburikidza nekumhanya kwevhavha pamakamera mazhinji kana akaiswa kuManual mode. Kuti uchengete yawaida kumberi kana kuti chidzidzo chakanangana zvakanyanya, dzikisa kukurumidza kwevhavha yako uye gadzirisa aperture yako zvinoenderana kuitira kuti mufananidzo wako uburitswe zvakanaka kwenguva yakakwana - uye usakanganwe nezvazvo. ISO kugadzirisa naizvo!

Iyo yakafara pfungwa kuseri kwef/stop ndeyekuti balancing aperture uye shutter kumhanya zvinhu zvakakosha zvekubudirira kutora mafoto; ese ari maviri anokanganisa kuti inguva yakareba sei iyo sensor kamera inoratidzwa kune mwenje unouya. Paunenge uchipfura muBhuku, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve ese matatu maficha paunenge uchiedza kuwana zvakanyatsoratidzwa mifananidzo:

• ISO zvigadziriso (kana kunzwisiswa kwefirimu)
• shutter kumhanya
• f/stop/aperture yekugadzira zvinhu zvakaita sehudzamu hwekutonga kwemunda kana motion blur attribute image.

Ndehupi hukama pakati peF-Stop neFocal Ratio?

F-Mira ireshiyo yekureba kwelenzi kusvika kudhayamita yayo. Iyo yakakwirira yeF-Stop, iyo idiki yekuvhura uye yakakura kudzika kwemunda mumufananidzo wakapihwa. Iyo F-Stop inoshandiswa kuona kuti mwenje wakawanda sei unosvika sensor yekamera pamwe nekufara kana kutetepa kwakavhurwa pane lenzi rakapihwa.

Focal Ratio, kana f / mira kwenguva pfupi, inogona kufungidzirwa sehafu yerondedzero inokuudza nezve kamera yako uye lens musanganiswa. Kana tichitaura nezve f-stop mukutora mifananidzo, inonyanya kuenderana neaperture marongero. Kungofanana nekumhanya kwevhavha, aperture marongero anokwanisa kugadzirisa huwandu hwemwenje unopfuura nemalenzi ako uye wopinda munzira yemufananidzo wako sensor (kana firimu). Nzvimbo dzepasi dzine manhamba f dzinogadzira chiedza chakawanda ukuwo nzvimbo dzine manhamba dzepamusoro dzichideredza chiedza chinopfuura. Naizvozvo, nzvimbo dzakaderera dzine nhamba dzinomira dzichagadzira mifananidzo yakajeka ine kudzika kwemunda ukuwo nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzine manhamba dzinotungamira kumifananidzo yakasviba nekuwedzera kwekutarisa kana kudzika kwemunda (zvine chekuita: Chii chinonzi Depth Of Field?).

Chimwe chikamu mune iyi chinyorwa chinonzi "yakatarisana urefu” izvo zvinongoreva kuti “mufambo.” Izvi zvinonongedza padyo kana kure kure kwaunokwanisa kutarisa pane chero chidzidzo chakapihwa - senge aya saizi yemamera emamera anotsanangurwa muchinyorwa chino (zvinoenderana: Kunzwisisa Kamera Lenses Size) Malenzi mazhinji mazuva ano ma zoom lenzi zvichireva kuti ane hurefu hunochinjika kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuswedera kana kure kure nechidzidzo chako usinga fambe-fambe iwe pachako.

Saka chii chaizvo chiri kuitika kana iwe uchigadzirisa yako F-mira? Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa zvine chekuita nekuwanda kwechiedza chinopfuura nepalenzi yako saka zvakanyanya kana uchinge wagadzirisa zvauri kuita gadziriso pakati pekunyanya kuratidzwa uye kushoma kudzika kwemunda unowanikwa kune yakapihwa pfuti. Nenhamba dzakadzikira dzinobvumira kupenya kwakawanda kune kupenya kwakajeka asi kusinganzwisisike uye nhamba dzepamusoro dzinopa dzakasvibira asi dzakapinza. Ndosaka kutamba uchitenderedza nemaseting akadaro mukutora mifananidzo kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya mazinga ekuratidzwa pamwe nekutarisa siyana mukati mechero kuumbwa - saka nei kuziva nezve F-Stop uye focal ratios kunofanirwa kugara uchitariswa usati wapfura mufananidzo!

Kunzwisisa Focal Ratio

F-Mira, inozivikanwawo seyo focal ratio, ipfungwa yakakosha mukutora mifananidzo inoreva saizi yeaperture pane kamera lens. Ichidimbu chinowanzonyorwa senhamba, senge f/2.8 kana f/5.6.

Kunzwisisa pfungwa ye F-Mira zvakakosha kune vanotora mifananidzo nekuti zvinovabatsira kuziva kuti vangani chiedza chavanoda kuti vanyatsofumura mufananidzo. Uyezve, inokanganisa zvakare kudzika kwemunda, inova huwandu hwemufananidzo uri mukutarisa. Ngatinyure zvishoma uye tidzidze zvakawanda nezvazvo F-Mira uye kukosha kwayo.

Ndehupi hukama pakati peFocal Ratio nendima yekuona?

Pakupfura mufananidzo, iyo focal ratio - inowanzozivikanwa se f-stop - chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekufunga nezvazvo. Inoshandiswa kudzora saizi yemufananidzo munda wekuona, kana kuti yakawanda sei yechiitiko chaunogona kutora mupfuti. Nhamba yepamusoro yef-stop inoburitsa mufananidzo wakafara, nepo nhamba yepasi ichiburitsa mufananidzo ne kudzika kudiki kwemunda.

Iyo focal ratio inobatawo iyo kudzika kwemunda mumufananidzo kana vhidhiyo yako kana ichishandiswa nemalenzi akasiyana. Kana uchipfura paaperture yakafara (low f-stop), inoburitsa kudzika kwemunda kwakatetepa. Sezvineiwo, kushandisa yakakwira f-zvimiso kuchagadzira kudzika kwakawanda asi kunogona kukonzera kumwe kudzima kumashure nenzvimbo dzemberi nekuda kwekumwe kukanganisa kunoitika pazvikamu zvidiki zvefuremu yako.

Hukama huri pakati pefocal ratio uye ndima yekuona hwakajeka; zvinongori izvo zvekumusoro f-zvimira zvinogadzira mifananidzo yakatetepa uye zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana uchipfura nzvimbo kana zvimwe zviratidziro zvakakura zvine zvidzidzo zviri kure, unozoda kana lenzi yakafara kwazvo (ine yakaderera f-stop) kana kuti unogona kushandisa malenzi akawanda pane akasiyana focal ratios kuti uwane musanganiswa wakakodzera wekutora. zvese zvechidzidzo chako.

Ko Focal Ratio inokanganisa sei kudzika kwemunda?

The focal ratio (inozivikanwawo se f-stop) ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakutora mifananidzo, kazhinji chinoratidzwa ne'f/' pamberi penhamba. Kunyanya, iyo focal ratio ine hukama ne kudzika kwemunda uye exposure effects iyo inogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro yemifananidzo yako.

Kudzika kwemunda kunoreva kuwanda kwechiitiko chinotaridzika mukutarisa. A kudzika kwakadzika kwemunda ndechimwe chete chikamu chechiitiko chinoonekwa chakanangana nepo a kudzika kwakafara kwemunda ndiyo iyo zvinhu zvose zvinoratidzika zvakapinza. The focal ratio inoita basa rakakosha pakuona kuwanda kwekudzika kunosanganisirwa mumufananidzo.

A hombe focal ratio (semuenzaniso, f / 11) inobvumira a kudzika kwakafara kwemunda izvo zvinosanganisira zvose zviri pedyo nezviri kure pamwe nezvimwe zvese zviri pakati pazvo. Rudzi urwu rwekuseta runogona kunyatsoshanda kune nyika kana mafoto ekunze anoda kubatanidza zvese zvemberi uye zvemukati zvinhu zvine kupinza kukuru uye kujeka. Nechikonzero ichi, vazhinji vanotora mifananidzo vane hunyanzvi vanowanzo sarudza akakura ma-f-stop ekunze kwepfuti.

Zvisinei, pakupfura zvidzidzo zviri pedyo - zvakadai portrait photography kana macro photography - zvingave zvinodiwa kushandisa zvidiki zvinotarisisa zviyero (senge f/1.4) Zvirongwa izvi zvinobvumira minda yakadzika isina kudzika izvo zvinobatsira kupatsanura chidzidzo kubva kumashure kwacho, zvichigadzira zvinoshamisa uye zvakajeka mhedzisiro ine mapoinzi ega ega kuti atarise pakati penzvimbo isina kujeka.

mhedziso

F-mira or focal ratio ipfungwa yakakosha kune vanotora mifananidzo kuti vanzwisise. Inobatsira kutsanangura huwandu hwehupi hwekuvhara, pamwe chete kudzika kwemunda. Kunzwisisa pfungwa iyi kunobatsira mukunzwisisa mashandisiro akasiyana lenzi uye makamera kuti uwane mhedzisiro inodiwa. Uyezve, zvinobatsirawo mukuita kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti unowana mufananidzo waunoda nekudzora huwandu hwechiedza chinopinda mukamera.

Kupedzisa, zvakakosha kuti vatori vemifananidzo vanzwisise pfungwa ye f-stop or focal ratio kuve nechokwadi kuti mifananidzo yavo inotaridzika zvakanaka.

Sei F-Stop uye Focal Ratio yakakosha kune vanotora mifananidzo?

Kune vanotora mifananidzo, iyo f-stop uye focal ratio zvinhu zvakakosha zvekunzwisisa kuratidzwa, kupinza kwelenzi uye bokeh. The focal ratio zvinoreva saizi yekuvhura kwelens, kana kuti aperture, iyo inobatsira kuona kuti chiedza chakawanda sei chinotenderwa kuburikidza nelenzi kusvika kune sensor yekamera. Kana mutori wemifananidzo achinja saizi yeaperture nekushandisa zvakasiyana f-mira, zvichakanganisa mufananidzo wavo unozobuda kudzika kwemunda.

Yakakura f-stop nhamba ichagadzira kaburi kadiki kanotungamira kuhupamhi hwemunda uine zvakawanda zvakatariswa - iyi ingave yakanaka kurongedza landscape photos saka iwe unowana zvese zviri mukutarisa. Nhamba diki inokupa nzvimbo yakakura uye isina kudzika kudzika kwemunda zvichiita kuti chidzidzo chako chibude pachena - izvi zvingave zvakanakira kutora mifananidzo paunoda blur kumativi ese echinyorwa chemufananidzo wako.

Pamusoro pekubatsira kudzora kuratidzwa, F-stop uye Focal Ratio zvakare kuve nemhedzisiro yekupinza kana uchishandisa lenzi ane mashoma resolution; kushandisa kaburi kadiki (nhamba dzepamusoro f-stop) inogona kubatsira kuderedza kumwe kupfava nekuda kwediffraction uye vignetting. Nekunzwisisa maitiro maviri aya, mutori wemifananidzo anogona nemazvo gadzirisa marongero ekhamera yavo maererano nemamiriro ekupfura kuitira wedzera mufananidzo wemhando, isa mifananidzo yakafumurwa nemazvo mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekuvhenekesa uye uwane yaunoda hunyanzvi mhedzisiro nekudzora kudzika kwemunda uchishanda nemaprimes kana zooms ine sarudzo shoma.

Iwe unosarudza sei iyo chaiyo F-Stop uye Focal Ratio yekutora mifananidzo yako?

Kusarudza iyo chaiyo F-Stop uye Focal Ratio nekuti kutora mafoto yako chiyero chakakosha chemhedzisiro inobudirira. Mhedzisiro yeaya lenzi pamifananidzo yako inozotemwa nemaparamendi aunoaisira kana iwe ukasarudza yaunoda yekuvhara yekumhanyisa uye kuvhura.

Kutanga, unofanira kuongorora zvaunoda kudzika kwemunda unoronga kubudirira mumufananidzo wako. Kana kudzika kwemunda kuchidikanwa, saka madiki F-Stop akadai f/2 kana f/2.8 inofanira kugamuchirwa. Nekune rimwe divi, kana zvichidikanwa kubata nhamba dzakawanda nekujeka kwakaenzana saka yakakwira manhamba F-Stop kubva f/5 kusvika f/22 inofanira kushandiswa pachinzvimbo.

Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti sezvo malenzi anokurumidza kuita mari yakawanda pane anononoka lenzi, munhu anofanirwa kutarisisa kubhajeti ravo kana achisarudza kumhanya kwevhavha yepamusoro uye nekupesana zvakare chenjerera kuti rakawanda sei mwenje wavanoda kubatwa paunenge uchiedza nekuvhara kwavo. zvirongwa. Zvingavewo hungwaru kutarisa kune emushandisi manyorerwo kana online tutorials anotsanangura kuti ndeupi rudzi rwelens uye masisitimu anonyatso kufanira kune yega yega mamiriro kuitira kunyatso kugona aya paramita nekufamba kwenguva. Pakupedzisira, hapana mhinduro yechokwadi uye kunzwisisa zvaunoda iwe pachako kuburikidza nekuyedza kuchabatsira kugona kuwana mifananidzo yemhando yepamusoro nekufamba kwenguva!

Mhoroi, ndini Kim, amai uye munhu anofarira zvekumira-famba ane ruzivo mukugadzira midhiya nekuvandudzwa kwewebhu. Ndine chido chikuru chekudhirowa uye mifananidzo, uye ikozvino ndiri kunyura nemusoro munyika yekumira-kufamba. Neblog rangu, ndiri kugovera zvandinodzidza nemi varume.